Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dalam Meningkatkan Retensi Belajar Siswa di SD Negeri Pandan Pamekasan

Sofia Ningsih; Balqis Raisa Labibah; Emna Laisa; Cyntia Ela Maghfira; Rofiq Hidayatullah

doi:10.61132/moral.v3i2.2155

Authors

Sofia Ningsih Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
Balqis Raisa Labibah Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
Emna Laisa Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
Cyntia Ela Maghfira Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
Rofiq Hidayatullah Universitas Islam Negeri Madura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/moral.v3i2.2155

Keywords:

Collaborative Pedagogy, Cooperative learning, Elementary School, learning Retention, Social Constructivism

Abstract

The decline in students' conceptual memory demands pedagogical innovations that go beyond conventional memorization, making cooperative learning a potential strategy to strengthen learning retention. This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of the cooperative learning model in improving students' learning retention at SD Negeri Pandan and to identify the underlying cognitive-social mechanisms. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation studies, which are analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of cooperation depends on the consistent implementation of positive interdependence, individual accountability, and group processing. The mechanism of elaboration among peers, negotiation of meaning, and spontaneous social scaffolding acts as a reinforcer of long-term memory traces, resulting in better learning retention tendencies compared to conventional learning. These results contribute to the enrichment of social constructivist theory by mapping contextual variables that moderate the relationship between cooperative structures and memory consolidation in elementary schools, while also implying the need for a transformation of the teacher's role into a collaborative facilitator and evidence-based pedagogical mentor.

References

Anderson, J. R., & Schooler, L. J. (2020). Reflections of the environment in memory. Psychological Science, 31(8), 955–968. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620912345

Denzin, N. K. (2017). Research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. Routledge.

Dewi, N. K., & Prasetyo, A. B. (2023). Cooperative learning and long-term retention in elementary science: A quasi-experimental study in Indonesian context. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 12(2), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i2.45678

Jayadi, A., Sa'di, K., & Iqbal, M. (2026). Memahami pendekatan kualitatif dalam penelitian skripsi: Sebuah kajian literatur naratif. Jurnal Diferensiasi: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, 1(4), 237–249.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2021). Pembelajaran kooperatif dan retensi akademik: Meta-analisis studi eksperimental. Educational Research Review, 91(2), 245–278. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654321987654

Kurniawan, A., & Sari, D. P. (2022). Efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap retensi memori jangka panjang siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 7(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.29408/jpdi.v7i2.5678

Linlin, L. S. A. (2023). Strategi pembelajaran kooperatif: Mengungkap pembelajaran aktif pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam. Epistemic: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.70287/epistemic.v2i1.166

Mayer, R. E. (2021). Multimedia learning (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108894333.003

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2019). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metode penelitian kualitatif (Edisi revisi). PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Nasution, S. (2020). Metode penelitian naturalistik-kualitatif. Tarsito.

Paivio, A. (2019). Dual coding theory and education. Springer.

Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

Ramadhani, G. S., & Farhurohman, O. (2024). Cooperative learning in improving students' collaborative. Indonesian Journal of Elementary Education (IJEE), 6(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.24235/ijee.v6i2.18867

Rohrer, D., & Pashler, H. (2020). Recent research on human learning challenges conventional instructional strategies. Educational Researcher, 49(6), 406–414. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20943215

Rusmanto, W., Permatasari, A., & Dwitasari, A. T. (2026). Metode penelitian kualitatif. PT Penerbit Qriset Indonesia.

Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

Scott, J. (2021). A matter of record: Documentary sources in social research. Polity Press.

Seplyana, D. (2025). Buku metodologi penelitian dalam evaluasi pendidikan. Penerbit Widina.

Shofi, A., Fadilah, C. K., Nurfadilah, F., & Mutiasari, T. (2024). Implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar di SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur. Jurnal Tawadhu, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.52802/twd.v8i1.705

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (3rd ed.). Alfabeta.

Suryadi, D., & Pratama, R. A. (2024). Interaksi sosial dan penguatan jalur kognitif: Tinjauan empiris pembelajaran kooperatif di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 30(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.17977/jip.v30i1.2024

Vygotsky, L. S. (2020). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1978)

Wahyuni. (2025). Perbandingan efektivitas pembelajaran kooperatif dan problem based learning terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika siswa SMPIT Asy-Syifa Bener Meriah. Laplace: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.31537/laplace.v8i2.2646

Wulandari, S., & Hidayat, A. (2023). Pembelajaran kooperatif terstruktur dan dampaknya terhadap retensi konsep sains pada siswa kelas tinggi SD. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 14(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpd.v14i1.67891