Eskatologi Islam: Studi Dilalogis Umar bin Khattab dengan Munkar dan Nakir tentang Prosedur Pasca Kematian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61132/hikmah.v2i4.1587Keywords:
Afterlife, Angel Munkar and Nakir, Grave Realm, Islamic Eschatology, Leadership of Umar ibn KhattabAbstract
Among the afterlife in Islamic belief is the grave, where at the beginning of this period it is believed that the soul will be questioned by the angels Munkar and Nakir about his faith and deeds in the world. The purpose of this writing is focused on elaborating on Islamic eschatology in the story of Umar bin Khattab about post-death procedures. Literature research to find out a more in-depth discussion on the topic of post-death procedures by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from books, journals, articles, and other relevant documents, was analyzed content. Findings: The story of Umar bin Khattab with the Angels Munkar and Nakir shows his concern for the welfare of the people. This reflects responsible leadership and is oriented towards the long-term good for all Muslims. Although this particular narrative is not widely documented in classical Islamic texts, it reflects a broader theme in Islamic teachings about the mercy and compassion of Allah and the angels. This story also highlights the exemplary character of Umar and his concern for the welfare of others, even in the afterlife. Conclusion: This story is about a leader who always thinks about the welfare of the people, including those who will face questions in the grave. Novelty: This finding highlights visionary leadership based on the essence of Islam that fosters true happiness in this world and the hereafter, considering the challenges of modern leadership oriented toward the afterlife.
References
Abdulrahman, M. M. (2025). The impact of belief in the hereafter on Muslim moral and ethical conduct. Jurnal Usuluddin, 53(1), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.22452/usuluddin.vol53no1.9
Ageeva, G. M. (2023). Media analytics in library research. Scientific and Technical Libraries, 5, 58–76. https://doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2023-5-58-76
Agustina, R., Mahmud, S., Maulidia, Mahfud, A., & Fadli, F. (2025). The journey of human life in Islamic perspective: Learning from the spirit to the hereafter. Al-Jadwa: Jurnal Studi Islam, 4(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.38073/aljadwa.v4i2.2570
Ahaddour, C., Van den Branden, S., & Broeckaert, B. (2017). Purification of body and soul for the next journey: Practices surrounding death and dying among Muslim women. Omega (United States), 76(2), 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222817729617
Akamov, A. T., & Bekeeva, A. M. (2021). Quranic motifs in the Kumyk religious literature. SENTENTIA: European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4, 30–42. https://doi.org/10.25136/1339-3057.2021.4.35480
Al-Bantani, S. N. (2021). Syarah Nuruz Zhalam ‘ala ‘Aqidatil ‘Awam. Thaha Putra.
Al-Bantani, S. N. (2022). Nashaihul ‘ibad: Kumpulan nasihat pilihan bagi para hamba (F. S. Nur, Ed.). Turos Pustaka.
Al-Shana’ani, A. (2000). Al-Mushannaf. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Tirmizi, A. I. (2008). Sunan al-Tirmizi. Maktabah Al-Ma‘arif.
Asakir, I. (1995). Tarikh madinati Dimasyq. Dar al-Fikr.
Assadi, J., Na’amneh, M., & Sindawi, K. A. (2025). The concept of al-barzakh in the thought of Muḥyiddīn Ibn ʿArabī: A philosophical and mystical analysis. Journal of Posthumanism, 5(4), 492–502. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i4.1098
As-Suyuthi, J. (1994). Al-hawi lil-fatawi. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Bahadur, P. (2020). Rituals and beliefs surrounding death in Islam. Journal of Adventist Mission Studies, 16(1), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.32597/jams/vol16/iss1/13
Baqi, F. A. (2017). Shahih Bukhari Muslim: Al-Lu’lu’ wal-marjan. Elex Media Komputindo.
Barbaran, J. P. C., Cuitiño, R. L., Gómez, N. S., Jaramillo, C. E., Meza, A. S., & Nieto, I. B. (2024). Death as a thread of cultural and religious identity. Community and Interculturality in Dialogue, 96(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56294/cid202496
Barka, H. (2025, April 4). Munkar and Nakir. Dark Temples. https://darktemples.com/
Davoudi, N. (2022). Remember death: An examination of death, mourning, and death anxiety within Islam. Open Theology, 8(1), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2022-0205
Fitriyah, L. (2022). Border theologies: Divine communion, divine justice, and religious practices among Indonesian female migrant workers in Singapore (Master’s thesis, University of Notre Dame).
Humairoh, S., Nurwahidin, Izdiyan, M., & Wati, M. (2024). The concept of eschatology in Islam: An analysis of Fazlur Rahman’s perspective and Al-Munir’s exegesis on Surah Al-Infithar. Journal of Middle East and Islamic Studies, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v11i1.173
Karimi, N. (2023). The punishment of the grave. Perspectives on Terrorism, 17(4), 127–151. https://doi.org/10.19165/LFPM4323
Karomi, A. (2024, February 28). Ketika Umar bin Khattab minta Munkar-Nakir tak tampakkan wajah aslinya. Arina.id. https://www.arina.id/
Krippendorff, K. (2022). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071878781
Kvapilová, Z. (2022). Rationalism in Islam: Jamil Sidqi az-Zahawi and his revolt in hell. Charles University.
Murata, S., & Chittick, W. C. (2006). The vision of Islam. Paragon House.
Muslim, A. H. (2016). Shahih Muslim. Dar al-Hadith.
Nadiah, E. Q., El-Syam, R. S., & Farida, N. (2024). Nilai-nilai pendidikan moral kekhalifahan Umar bin Khattab R.A. Jurnal Kajian dan Penelitian Umum, 2(3), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.47861/jkpu-nalanda.v2i3.1093
Najah, A. T. S., Anisa, F. A. P., & Pramitha, D. (2025). The application of Umar bin Khattab’s servant leadership ethics in educational institution management. Kharisma, 4(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.59373/kharisma.v4i1.67
Ningrum, U. (2025). Umar bin Khattab: A transformative leader. Falasifa, 16(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.62097/falasifa.v16i01.2089
Parrott, J. (2017). Al-Ghazali and the golden rule. Journal of Religious and Theological Information, 16(2), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/10477845.2017.1281067
Prochwicz-Studnicka, B. (2020). The motif of the angel(s) of death in Islamic foundational sources. Verbum Vitae, 38(2), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.31743/VV.10185
Radhika, S., & Holil, M. (2025). Eschatology in Hikayat Raja Jumjumah and Kunjarakarna. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 4(3), 270–282. https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v4i3.869
Salama, M. (2020, February 17). Question regarding death. AboutIslam. https://aboutislam.net/
Sayilgan, S. (2024). God, evil, and suffering in Islam. Cambridge University Press.
Setinawati, Jeniva, I., Tanyid, M., & Merilyn. (2025). The framework of religious moderation. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101271
Shahinda. (2025, May 5). What are the 3 questions in the grave in Islam? Studio Arabiya in Egypt. https://www.studioarabiyainegypt.com/
Stone, G. B. (2006). Dante’s pluralism and the Islamic philosophy of religion. Palgrave Macmillan.
Sumiarsa, I., Maruapey, M. H., & Subagdja, R. O. (2024). Umar bin Khattab’s leadership policy strategy in Pancasila perspective. Journal La Bisecoman, 5(3), 282–304. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v5i3.1205
Syam, R. S. El, & Fuadi, S. I. (2023). Reklamasi iman dalam puasa Ramadhan. Al-Yazidiy: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, 5(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.55606/ay.v5i1.272
Wiliasih, R., Siregar, H., Irawan, T., & Beik, I. S. (2024). Happiness in Islam and influencing factors. Al-Muzara’ah, 12(1), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.29244/jam.12.1.137-157
Zed, M. (2018). Metode penelitian kepustakaan. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
